ビーガンのスタンフォード大での演説：名演説、第2回会談で具体化、体制の｢違い」を認める （2019年1月31日）
ビーガン訪朝の下に書き出したが、大変重要な演説なので、別記事にした。記者との質疑応答が続くが、その部分は追って。
1月31日、ビーガンがスタンフォー大学で行った演説（抄訳）。
US Dept. of State, Remarks on DPRK at Stanford University, https://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2019/01/288702.htm
・北朝鮮のFFVDが私の任務である。
・過去25年は無駄ではなかったが、米朝双方は複数の機会を逸した。そして、今日の現状が、それを成功させるという保証はない。
In my position as Secretary of State Pompeo’s special representative for North Korea, it is my assignment to oversee and lead the broad diplomatic initiative to achieve the final, fully verified denuclearization of North Korea. I am only the latest official to take on this task, following behind a line of long – a long line of distinguished diplomats who have devoted themselves to the same. Yet, two and a half decades after it was first found that North Korea was on the cusp of acquiring the means for weapons of mass destruction, we seemingly find ourselves farther away than ever from that goal. The last 25 years was not wasted, though certainly there were most – there were missed opportunities by both the United States and North Korea, and nothing in today’s circumstances necessarily guarantees that we will be successful.
しかし、今日は状況とアプローチにおいて過去とは異なっている。トランプ大統領は、朝鮮半島における70年間の敵対関係を一気に、そして完全に終わらせる深く、そして個人的に約束した。北朝鮮では若い指導者が、2千5百万の人民がいて、世界最大規模の陸軍を持つ国の一つ、そして核武力を有する国のトップに立っている。金正恩委員長は、非核化、総力を人民の必需品に振り向け、北朝鮮の経済を発展させる意志を述べた。
However, today we differ in both situation and approach from the past. In President Trump, the United States has a leader who, more so than any previous president, is deeply and personally committed to once and for all bringing an end to 70 years of war and hostility on the Korean Peninsula. In North Korea, a young leader stands atop a country of 25 million people, possessing one of the world’s largest armies and nuclear weapons capabilities. And yet Chairman Kim Jong Un has stated his intention to denuclearize and to turn his energies fully to meeting the needs of his people and developing the North Korean economy.
いずれの指導者も過去の失敗を繰り返すという伝統的な予想に縛られていない。トランプ大統領と金委員長は、トップダウン方式の太っ腹な行動で、－もし成功すれば－、両国の関係を根本的に変えることになる。この構造転換の過程で、我々は現世代と未来世代にとって、より安定し、平和で、繁栄する地域であるアジアにおける多くの歴史的な出来事を目にすることになろう。
Neither leader is constrained by traditional expectations that might doom their teams to try the exact same approach as in the past, with no expectation of anything but the same failed outcome. Instead, President Trump and Chairman Kim have decided to pursue a top-down approach with a breadth of actions that – if successful – will fundamentally transform relations between our two countries. In the process of that transformation, we could see a historic set of events in the region that would help establish a more stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia for this generation and for many to come.
・政権交替の際にオバマはトランプに北朝鮮の核ミサイルは米国にとってさらに大きな脅威となると言った。
・その時、朝鮮半島における紛争は差し迫った状況にあり、2017年は取り分けそうであった。
・北朝鮮の核･ミサイル実験による挑発、そして国連安保理制裁がそれをエスカレートさせた。
It is well known that during the presidential transition after the 2016 election, then-President Obama impressed upon President-elect Trump that the number one danger the United States faced in the world was the burgeoning nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missile programs of North Korea. From that briefing it sounded as if the possibility of conflict on the Korean Peninsula was imminent, and for much of 2017 it seemed that that just might be so. Numerous provocative tests of North Korean ICBMs and ever-larger nuclear weapons caused the escalation of tensions on the Korean Peninsula to their highest level in decades. Tough sanctions were imposed upon North Korea by the United Nations Security Council, and threats and counter threats were hurled between the two countries.
しかし、2017年末、何かが変わりだした。南北朝鮮間の静かな対話が冬季五輪で南北統一チームを結成するという突破口を作り、それに続き板門店で北南首脳会談が開催された。
Yet by the end of 2017 something began to shift. Quiet outreach between the two Koreas led to a breakthrough moment of a joint Korean Olympic team participating at the Winter Olympics, followed by a face-to-face meeting between North and South leaders at Panmunjom Village in the demilitarized zone.
ちょうどその頃、トランプ大統領は、米国の政府関係者に外交関係を前進させる可能性を探るために北朝鮮のカウンターパートと直接交渉することを認めた。トランプ大統領は、金委員長との指導者レベルの会談を2018年、シンガポールで行うという、太っ腹で度胸のある決断をした。
Around the same time, President Trump authorized American officials to engage directly with counterparts in North Korea in search of a diplomatic path forward. President Trump then made a bold and courageous decision to engage directly at the leader level with Chairman Kim at the Singapore summit in 2018. The course chosen by President Trump last year to engage directly with Chairman Kim interrupted the trajectory toward possible conflict.
私たちは、北朝鮮のカウンターパートと我々が－同時並行的に－推し進める朝米共同声明に盛り込まれた全ての約束について、北朝鮮がFFVDの約束を履行した際に提供される朝鮮の人々の明るい未来のための計画、制裁が解除されることで開く新たな機会、平和な朝鮮半島について、疎通をし合った。
For our part, we have communicated to our North Korean counterparts that we are prepared to pursue – simultaneously and in parallel – all of the commitments our two leaders made in their joint statement at Singapore last summer, along with planning for a bright future for the Korean people and the new opportunities that will open when sanctions are lifted and the Korean Peninsula is at peace, provided that North Korea likewise fulfills its commitment to final, fully verified denuclearization.
米国と北朝鮮が外交的なイニシアティブを開始することには多くの挑戦があり、複雑であった。両国の体制がとても異なるからということは、いくら言っても言いすぎではない。両国関係は60年以上、停戦あるいは休戦状態に置かれていた。両国は地理的にも異なる場所に位置し、歴史も大変違う。両国は個人の権利と人権について劇的に異なる見解を持っている。そして、こうした持続する現実が、世界観、地域観、お互いに対する認識において大きな違いを形成した。また、我々は貿易関係、外交関係もなく、事実上、直接疎通する能力もない。
There are many challenges that make it especially complicated for the United States and North Korea to embark upon a diplomatic initiative of this magnitude. It is an understatement to say that our two systems are very different. Our relations are predicated on an armistice – or a ceasefire – that has been in place now for more than six decades. We are located in very different parts of the world with very different histories. We have dramatically different views on individual rights and on human rights. And those enduring realities have formed different worldviews about the region and about each other. We also have no trade of any sort, no diplomatic relations, and virtually no ability to communicate directly with one another.
こうした障害にもかかわらず、我々は何ヶ月も交渉を維持することに努力してきているわけであるが、これはトランプ大統領の声と書かれた言葉で金委員長と北朝鮮指導部に対する信頼と確信を表明する肯定的なメッセージを送り続けるという個人的な決断によるものである。
And yet despite these many obstacles, we have managed to sustain engagement now for many months, largely due to the personal determination of President Trump and his consistent willingness to use voice and written word to send positive messages of trust and confidence to Chairman Kim and the North Korean leadership.
シンガポール朝米会談以降、米国は北朝鮮とコンスタントに接触を続けてきている。7月に、ポムペオ長官が訪朝し金ヨンチョルと会談し、9月には国連総会の場で李ヨンホ外相と会い、そして10月には平壌で金委員長、妹の金ヨジョン、そして再び金ヨンチョルと会っている。
Since President Trump’s summit with Chairman Kim in Singapore, the United States has remained in steady contact with North Korea. In July, shortly after the groundbreaking summit in Singapore, Secretary of State Pompeo made a follow-up visit to Pyongyang, where he met on extended – for an extended period with Kim Yong Chol, one of Chairman Kim’s closest advisors and most senior officials. In September, Secretary of State Pompeo met at the United Nations General Assembly in New York City with North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho. In October, the Secretary traveled to Pyongyang, where we met with Chairman Kim, with his sister and close advisor Kim Yo Jong, and again with Kim Yong Chol.
金委員長の今年の」「新年の辞」では、非核化と経済近代化の約束が再確認された。その後、1週間以内に、ポムペオ長官はワシントンで金ヨンチョル一行を迎えた。金ヨンチョルの訪問はたった10日前のことであったが、この訪問で多くの未解決の問題が話し合われ、トランプ大統領の執務室における1時間の会談で、第2回朝米首脳会談実現へ向けての動きが始まった。
A New Year’s speech by Chairman Kim at the beginning of this year reaffirmed his commitment to both denuclearization and economic modernization. Less than three weeks after, Secretary of State Pompeo hosted a senior North Korean delegation in Washington, D.C., led by Kim Yong Chol. This visit, which was just 10 days ago, allowed us to cover a number of outstanding issues and, during the course of an hour-long Oval Office meeting with President Trump, set in motion plans for a second summit between President Trump and Chairman Kim.
あまり気付かれていないがとても重要なことは、私が新たに任命されたカウンターパートである金ヒョクチョル大使と初めての拡大実務レベル会談を行ったことである。この会談では、結果指向的な生産的な話し合いを行い、今後の総括的な事務レベル協議のための計画の第一歩を描いた。我々は会談の結果に満足しており、とても近い将来、我々は朝米共同声明の全ての要素を前進させるための具体的な計画を推し進める予定である。
Less noticed but nonetheless very important, I also had the opportunity during that visit to hold a first extended working-level discussion with my newly appointed North Korean counterpart, Ambassador Kim Hyok Chol. In our meeting, we had a discussion that was productive, focused, results-oriented, and it laid out the first steps in a plan for comprehensive working-level negotiations ahead. We were satisfied with the outcome of the visit, and in the very near future we’ll be pursuing concrete plans to advance all of the elements of the Singapore joint statement.
・北朝鮮問題に関する多くの国に対する外交努力もしてきた。
Over the past many months, not only the President and the Secretary of State, but also the Vice President, National Security Advisor, and other administration senior officials have continuously pressed the goals of our North Korea diplomacy with our friends, partners, and allies around the world, including at the United Nations, at the APEC Summit, at the ASEAN Regional Forum, at the East Asia Summit, at the G20 Summit, and in the many bilateral meetings with counterparts around the world. The skilled and seasoned diplomatic team that I have the privilege to lead at the Department of State has likewise built and maintained the support of partners, friends, and allies around the world to our approach, giving a strong backbone to our diplomacy.
私がこの職責に就任してから5ヶ月であるが、その間、米国との外交に努める、金委員長から新たに任命されたカウンタパートに至るまで、異なるレベルの多くの北朝鮮関係者と会う機会を持った。
For my part, I have now been in this position for five months. During that time, I’ve had the opportunity to meet every North Korean official at every level with whom the United States will be engaged in this diplomatic , from Chairman Kim to my newly appointed counterpart.
過去5ヶ月間、私は北朝鮮をへの1度の訪問、複数回の韓国への訪問、2回の日本訪問、2回の中国訪問、2回のロシア訪問をした。先週には、ワシントンに中国代表団とロシア代表団がやって来た。中国とロシアとは、北朝鮮半島（訳者：ママ）の非核化と朝鮮半島の恒久的な平和確立に関する協力の約束をした。
In the past five months, I have traveled a lot, with a trip to North Korea, multiple trips to South Korea, two trips to Japan, two to China, two to Russia. In the past week, my team had the opportunity to play host to visits in Washington, D.C., led by delegations – my Chinese counterpart and my Russian counterpart. With both China and Russia, there is the promise of cooperation on the denuclearization of the North Korea peninsula and the establishment of a lasting peace on the peninsula.
・北朝鮮は地域の問題だけではなく、同盟国や世界の友好国にとっても重要な問題である。
・10日ほど前、我々のチームは、スウェーデンのカウンターパートが開催した北朝鮮問題について極めて利用価値が高く有益な国際会議に米国、韓国、北朝鮮代表と共に参加した。
North Korea is not just a regional issue, but one of importance to our allies and partners around the world. We meet regularly with the British, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian counterparts, who have been a critical part of our global efforts and our pressure campaign. Last fall, we had the opportunity to lay out our strategic vision to our NATO allies at the North Atlantic Council and our partners in the European Union at the Political Security Committee (sic). The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs generously hosted a quad meeting that included my senior counterparts from Britain and Germany. And finally, a week and a half ago, our team had the opportunity to attend an extremely useful and informative international conference on North Korea hosted by my counterpart in Sweden, with American, South Korean, and North Korean participation.
外交の目的が、多くの会議をすることではないことは当然である。会議の目的は結果と進展をもたらすことである。
Of course, the purpose of diplomacy is not more meetings. The purpose of the meetings is to produce outcomes and progress.
北朝鮮と我々は指導者間、高官間で進行を築いてきた。我々は両国政府が外交関係を進展するために努力してきたことを目にした。我々は、より継続的なパターンでの疎通ができることを見出した。もちろん、時として挑戦にも直面するが、長年の中で両国が最も集中的に疎通している。
Over the fall, we and North Korea have gained familiarity among our leaders and our senior officials. We have seen both governments create dedicated positions to advance their diplomacy. We have found a more consistent pattern of communications, though still challenged at times, but the most intensive between our two countries in many years.
・これからやることは多いが、これまでに達成した進捗も無視してはならない。その一つとして、北朝鮮に抑留されている米国人はいない。･･･1年前（訳注：2017年のことのはず）にはそんなことを考える人はいなかったであろう。
While there is still much work to do, we should also not ignore the progress we have made to date. For one, there are no American citizens wrongfully detained today in North Korea. In fact, last fall an American citizen crossed illegally into North Korea on foot from China. Shortly after that, the North Koreans informed us that this person had been detained, interrogated, judged to not pose a threat, and would be expelled from North Korea. Aided by Sweden, our consular protecting power in Pyongyang, this American citizen was on a plane and back in the United States in time for Thanksgiving. I do not need to tell anyone who follows North Korea closely that one year ago this sequence of events could have played out in a very different manner.
人々が不法入国した際、ある国の政府が（その人を拘束するのは）普通のことである。しかし、北朝鮮と米国では、普通がほとんど規範とされてこなかった。
It is possible to read too much into something like this, as this was simply the normal action, one that governments around the world take on a daily basis as people enter countries illegally. But with North Korea and the United States, normal has rarely been the norm.
12月にポムペオ長官の指示で、米国と北朝鮮で活動する人道援助グループが一緒になり、北朝鮮の人々に対する合法的人道援助を提供するための基準を緩和した。我々は今、国連制裁監視委員会に累積した援助認可書類を通過させる作業を急いでいる。同時に、昨年秋に北朝鮮に不法に入国した米国人に対して北朝鮮が一般的な取り扱いをしたという確信から、人道援助プログラムの実施とモニターのために訪朝する米国人の旅行申請許可をより好意的に行っている。
In December, at the direction of Secretary of State Pompeo, the United States, working together with humanitarian aid groups operating in North Korea, eased rules on the delivery of legitimate humanitarian assistance to the people of North Korea. We are now making quick progress, clearing a backlog of approvals that had accumulated at the United Nations sanctions review committee. At the same time, with the confidence that we gained from the normal treatment of the U.S. citizen who illegally entered North Korea last fall, we have also more favorably reviewed requests for travel exemptions for American citizens for purposes of implementing and monitoring these humanitarian aid programs.
・シンガポール朝米会談の成果として、55体の遺骨が返還された。
In another area of progress since the Singapore summit, the United States and North Korea have cooperated on the return of 55 sets of human remains believed to be those of Americans who fell in the Korean War on the battlefields of North Korea more than 60 years ago. The painstaking work of identifying those remains is under way by the Department of Defense. And just last week, we saw another set of remains confirmed and identified to be those of Frank Julius Suliman, age 20, from Nixon, New Jersey. Sergeant Suliman perished in North Korea in a POW camp at the age of 20 in the bloom of his life.
・米国務省は北朝鮮軍とさらない遺骨の発掘、返還について協議をしている。
・我々は、遺骨の発掘が、すさまじい戦争の傷を最終的に癒やすのに近づく一歩となることを臨んでいる。
The Department of Defense is currently in discussion with the North Korean military on plans for ambitious recovery excavations at the site of some of the Korean War’s bloodiest and most costly battles. With more than 5,000 fallen Americans still unaccounted for from the Korean War, President Trump is committed to press for closure for every American family. It is our hope that the progress in remains recovery will take us a step closer to finally healing the wounds of that terrible war.
・南北間に多くの人的交流、人道支援、鉄道･道路連結計画があり、それが実施できていないことも知っている。そうした計画は、制裁解除、朝鮮半島の恒久的など、非核化によりもたらされるものである。
On the Korean Peninsula, we are seeing a level of cooperation between the North and South that has been absent for a decade and a half and perhaps exceeds any undertaken in the past. In addition to multiple summits between the leaders of South and North Korea, dozens of inter-Korean projects have been undertaken, including people-to-people exchanges, humanitarian assistance, and major surveys of peninsular rail and road infrastructure that both advance and tantalize the potential for economic cooperation that would flow from denuclearization, the lifting of sanctions, and the establishment of a lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula.
・南北の軍は、国連司令部と共に、非武装地帯における多くの信頼･安全造成措置を取っている。まだやるべき事はたくさんあるが、初めて非武装地帯が実際に非武装になった。
The militaries of the North and South together, working through and with the United Nations Command and U.S. Forces Korea, have embarked upon a number of confidence and security building measures that have lowered the threat level and tensions at the Demilitarized Zone. And while there is still much that remains left to do, for the first time in my lifetime the Demilitarized Zone is actually being demilitarized.
・12月に板門店に行ったが、驚くほど変わっていた。たった一つの武器も見ることがなかった。
I made my most recent visit to Panmunjom Village just before Christmas last year. It was quiet and peaceful, with the restoration of regular communications between the two sides of the border. Not a weapon was to be seen. Not even a sidearm. What an amazing difference from one year ago, when frontline troops on both sides were prepared for imminent conflict.
・最後に、そして最も重要なことであるが、我々の外交の中心的課題である北朝鮮FFDVについていくらかの進展を見ることできている。我々には、現時点よりもさらなる進展が必要であるが、過去6ヶ月間でいくらかの進展があり、さらなる進展が見込まれている。北朝鮮が挑発的な核実験を行ってから400日が経過した。昨年1年間、北朝鮮はトンチャンリとプンゲリの核･ミサイル実験場をを破棄･解体するための予備的な措置を取った。
Last and most important, we’ve also made some progress on addressing the central issue of our diplomatic engagement: the final, fully verified denuclearization of North Korea. While we would want to be much farther along, and while – than where we currently are, we have made some progress over the last six months with expectations of more to come. It has been more than 400 days since North Korea has undertaken a provocative test of missiles or nuclear weapons. Over the past year, North Korea has taken preliminary steps to dismantle and destroy the test sites used for these missile and nuclear tests: Tongchang-ri and Punggye-ri.
平壌での北南首脳会談では、金委員長が完全なトンチャンリの解体と破壊を確認するために海外の専門家がアクセスさせることを約束した。10月に国務長官が平壌を訪問した際、金委員長は米国の専門家にプンゲリの完全解体を米国の専門家に確認させることを約束した
At the last North-South summit in Pyongyang, Chairman Kim committed to allow access for international experts to verify the complete dismantlement and destruction of Tongchang-ri. During the Secretary of State’s October meetings in Pyongyang, Chairman Kim likewise committed to invite American experts to ensure the complete destruction of Punggye-ri.
こうした実験場は北朝鮮の核･ミサイル計画において核心的なものではないが、10年間、国際的な査察が1度も行われなかった事を勘案すれば、こうした動きは非核化プロセスへの信頼を与えることに必要な両国の新たな協力のステップである。我々は、間もなく北朝鮮のカウンターパートとこれら2つの実験場に関する金委員長のあり方について協議する。
While these sites are not critical parts of the current North Korean missile or nuclear programs, after an interlude of 10 years in which no international inspections of any kind have occurred, they represent a step in the right direction for our two countries to renew cooperation on the steps necessary to give confidence to the process of denuclearization. We will soon be in discussion with our North Korean counterparts on the modalities to follow through on Chairman Kim’s commitment for both of these sites.
トンチャンリとプンゲリの約束に加え、金委員長はまた、前述の平壌首脳会談での共同宣言と10月の米国務長官の訪朝の際、北朝鮮のプルトニウムとウラン濃縮施設を破棄・解体することを約束した。寧辺にあるこの一連の施設は、北朝鮮のプルトニウム再処理とウラン濃縮計画の代表的なものである。
In addition to the commitments on Tongchang-ri and Punggye-ri, Chairman Kim also committed, in both the joint statement from the aforementioned Pyongyang summit as well as during the Secretary of State’s October meetings in Pyongyang, to the dismantlement and destruction of North Korea’s plutonium and uranium enrichment facilities. This complex of sites that extends beyond Yongbyon represents the totality of North Korea’s plutonium reprocessing and uranium enrichment programs.
金委員長は、米国の相応措置に対して、北朝鮮のプルトニウムとウラン濃縮施設における次のステップを取ることを認めた。具体的にそうした措置が何なのかは、私がカウンターパートとの次回の会談で話し合う内容である。我々の側からは、両国間の信頼を構築し前進させるという、シンガポール首脳会談での目的である新たな関係への転換、朝鮮半島における恒久的平和の構築、完全な非核化と並行するものである。
Chairman Kim qualified next steps on North Korea’s plutonium and uranium enrichment facilities upon the United States taking corresponding measures. Exactly what these measures are are a matter I plan to discuss with my North Korean counterpart during our next set of meetings. From our side, we are prepared to discuss many actions that could help build trust between our two countries and advance further progress in parallel on the Singapore summit objectives of transforming relations, establishing a permanent peace regime on the peninsula, and complete denuclearization.
最後にそして重要なことであるが、北朝鮮はプルトニウムとウラン濃縮施設の解体･破壊の約束をする際、「そしてさらに」という重要な言葉を付け加えた。まだまだたくさんの施設があるのでシンガポール会談での完全な非核化をするためには、こうした施設に続く措置が取られることは重要である。
Finally and importantly, in describing to us their commitment to dismantle and destroy their plutonium and uranium enrichment facilities, the North Koreans have also added the critical words “and more.” This is essential, as there is more – much more – to do beyond these facilities to follow through on the Singapore summit commitment to complete denuclearization.
北朝鮮の非核化プロセス完了前に、我々は北朝鮮の大量破壊ミサイル兵器計画について完全に把握しなければならない。我々は完全な非核化の過程でそこに至るであろう。我々は、国際基準に基づく鍵となる施設への専門家のアクセスとモニタリングについて合意しなければならない。そして最終的には、我々は核物質、兵器、ミサイル、発射台、そしてその他の大量破壊兵器の山の排除と解体を確認する必要がある。
Before the process of denuclearization can be final, we must also have a complete understanding of the full extent of the North Korean weapons of mass destruction missile programs. We will get that at some point through a comprehensive declaration. We must reach agreement on expert access and monitoring mechanisms of key sites to international standards. And ultimately, we need to ensure the removal and destruction of stockpiles of fissile material, weapons, missiles, launchers, and other weapons of mass destruction.
そして、こうしたこと全ては、事務レベル協議のロードマップに記されなければならない。そしてそれは、根本的に米朝関係を転換させ、朝鮮半島に平和－恒久的平和－を構築するためは、必要条件となる。トランプ大統領は、北朝鮮は金委員長が完全な非核化の約束を守るのであれば、米国はそれ以前に可能と思われることを相応に提供することを明確にしている。
All of this must be addressed in a roadmap of working-level negotiations that will be essential if we are to put in place the necessary conditions to fundamentally transform U.S.-North Korean relations and establish a peace – a permanent peace – on the Korean Peninsula. And President Trump has made clear that should North Korea follow through on Chairman Kim’s commitment to complete denuclearization, the United States will in return exceed anything previously thought possible.
これまでの進展に基づき、我々は次にどこに向かうのか。前述したように、トランプ大統領と金委員長は、2月末に2回目の首脳会談を持つ。トランプ大統領は北朝鮮と我々チームに対して重大で検証可能な非核化の進展、幅が広く現実的な行動を次回の首脳会談で約束することに期待していると明らかにした。
So, with the progress made so far, what remains is where we go next. As I have mentioned, President Trump and Chairman Kim will meet at a second summit at the end of February. President Trump has made clear both to North Korea as well as to our team that he expects significant and verifiable progress on denuclearization, actions that are bold and real, to emerge from that next summit.
我々は、北朝鮮のカウンターパートと首脳会談を前に具体的成果、交渉のロードマップ、交渉のロードマップと今後の非核化に関する宣言、共同の努力に対する共通理解に関する事務レベル協議を持つ予定である。それは、昨年シンガポールで大筋のビジョンを出した2人の指導者に対する我々の責任である。我々はまた、朝鮮半島の人々に対しての責任もある。
We expect to hold working-level negotiations with our North Korean counterparts in advance of the summit, with the intention of achieving a set of concrete deliverables, a roadmap of negotiations, and declaration – a roadmap of negotiations and declarations going forward, and a shared understanding of the desired outcomes of our joint efforts. We have that responsibility to our two leaders, who laid out a bold vision when they met in Singapore last year. We also have that responsibility to the people of the Korean Peninsula.
・トランプ大統領が金委員長とシンガポールで会談した際、金委員長に北朝鮮の経済発展の大きな可能性のビジョンを示した。
When President Trump met with Chairman Kim in Singapore, he showed him a vision of what robust economic development could mean for North Korea. This bright future, driven by investment, external engagement, and trade and built with the incredible resources of the Korean Peninsula is also part of our strategy to plan for success. At the appropriate time, with the completion of denuclearization, we are prepared to explore with North Korea and many other countries the best way to mobilize investment, improve infrastructure, enhance food security, and drive a level of economic engagement that will allow the North Korean people to fully share in the rich future of their Asian neighbors. This prosperity, along with the denuclearization and peace, lies at the core of President Trump’s vision for U.S.-North Korea relations.
2年間で米朝間において多くの知らなかったことが分かった。シンガポール首脳会談以来、多くのことが分かった。ここ数ヶ月で多くのことが分かり、これからさらに多くのことが起こるであろう。我々は、これまでにしてきた以上の仕事がこの先にある。
Much has transpired over the past two years between the United States and North Korea. Much has transpired since the Singapore summit. Much has transpired in just the past month, and much has yet to happen. I think it’s fair to say that we have more work ahead of us than we do behind us.
既に述べたように、米国の北朝鮮政策は、FFVDの基礎の上にある。これは、WMD、運搬手段、生産手段の完全な除去を意味している。しかし同時に強調しておきたいことは、トランプ大統領のビジョンは、昨年のシンガポール会談で提示されたものも含み、米朝関係の転換、米朝関係の樹立、朝鮮半島の平和体制構築などさらにある。トランプ大統領は、朝鮮半島、北東アジア、そして世界のさらに明るく安全な未来を信じている。
As I have mentioned already, United States policy toward North Korea stands on the foundation of final, fully verified denuclearization. This means the elimination of all weapons of mass destruction, their means of delivery, and the means to produce them. But I also want to say again, emphatically, that President Trump’s vision is also much, much more, including, as outlined in Singapore last summer, the transformation of U.S.-North Korea relations and the establishment of a permanent peace on the Korean Peninsula. The President believes in a bright and more secure future for all the people of the Korean Peninsula, in Northeast Asia, and the world.
失敗は選択肢ではないと言うことは言い古さた表現であるが、それは失敗は結果ではなく選択であることを示している。私は全てが失敗に導く多くの方法に意図的に注目していない。25年の外交の歴史が示しているように、それらは数え切れないほどある。我々は外交が失敗したときに備える必要があり、我々はその準備をしている。しかし、我々は失敗を避けることを目標としており、転換された平和な朝鮮半島は米国、北朝鮮、そして多くの国々にとって肯定的な選択である。米国はその選択をした。
It is a cliche to say that failure is not an option, but that suggests that failure is a choice rather than a consequence. I have intentionally not focused on the many ways that this could all fail. As the diplomatic record of the past 25 years shows, they are too numerous to count. We need to have contingencies if the diplomatic process fails, which we do. But if we are to avoid failure, it will take the United States, North Korea, and many other nations to make the affirmative choice for a transformed and peaceful Korean Peninsula. The United States has made that choice.
・米国は、トランプ大統領と金委員長の約束を現実にする準備ができている。
It is the promise of closing the door on 70 years of war and hostility on the Korean Peninsula that led President Trump to Singapore last year. His relentless pursuit of that goal has created the space to achieve everything I’ve discussed today. Now is the opportunity. Now is the moment. The United States is ready to turn the vision outlined by President Trump and Chairman Kim at Singapore into reality. Thank you. (Applause.)
******************
訳出するのに時間がかかったが、なかなかの名演説だ。ビーガンは8日現在、平壌に滞在して北朝鮮と協議をしているが、上に述べた前提は既に北朝鮮に伝わっており、それを受けて朝米間の協議が進展しているのであれば、第2回朝米会談ではかなり具体的な合意が得られるものとみられる。
核ミサイル関連の言及意外で注目しているのは、「朝米間の体制の違い」を事実上認めている点である。これは非常に重要で、北朝鮮が非民主的な独裁国家で、人民を抑圧しているという従来の前提では、「非核化を目標とした」朝米会談は進展しない。ビーガンは、「非常に異なっている」という表現を使いながら、異なる体制の共存を暗示しており、体制転換を嫌う北朝鮮としては、必ずこの点に注目しているはずである。
今日午後は、某研究所が主催する北朝鮮関連シンポジウムに参席する予定である。米国からの報告者もいるので、機会があれば色々と質問してみたい。
1月31日、ビーガンがスタンフォー大学で行った演説（抄訳）。
US Dept. of State, Remarks on DPRK at Stanford University, https://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2019/01/288702.htm
・北朝鮮のFFVDが私の任務である。
・過去25年は無駄ではなかったが、米朝双方は複数の機会を逸した。そして、今日の現状が、それを成功させるという保証はない。
In my position as Secretary of State Pompeo’s special representative for North Korea, it is my assignment to oversee and lead the broad diplomatic initiative to achieve the final, fully verified denuclearization of North Korea. I am only the latest official to take on this task, following behind a line of long – a long line of distinguished diplomats who have devoted themselves to the same. Yet, two and a half decades after it was first found that North Korea was on the cusp of acquiring the means for weapons of mass destruction, we seemingly find ourselves farther away than ever from that goal. The last 25 years was not wasted, though certainly there were most – there were missed opportunities by both the United States and North Korea, and nothing in today’s circumstances necessarily guarantees that we will be successful.
しかし、今日は状況とアプローチにおいて過去とは異なっている。トランプ大統領は、朝鮮半島における70年間の敵対関係を一気に、そして完全に終わらせる深く、そして個人的に約束した。北朝鮮では若い指導者が、2千5百万の人民がいて、世界最大規模の陸軍を持つ国の一つ、そして核武力を有する国のトップに立っている。金正恩委員長は、非核化、総力を人民の必需品に振り向け、北朝鮮の経済を発展させる意志を述べた。
However, today we differ in both situation and approach from the past. In President Trump, the United States has a leader who, more so than any previous president, is deeply and personally committed to once and for all bringing an end to 70 years of war and hostility on the Korean Peninsula. In North Korea, a young leader stands atop a country of 25 million people, possessing one of the world’s largest armies and nuclear weapons capabilities. And yet Chairman Kim Jong Un has stated his intention to denuclearize and to turn his energies fully to meeting the needs of his people and developing the North Korean economy.
いずれの指導者も過去の失敗を繰り返すという伝統的な予想に縛られていない。トランプ大統領と金委員長は、トップダウン方式の太っ腹な行動で、－もし成功すれば－、両国の関係を根本的に変えることになる。この構造転換の過程で、我々は現世代と未来世代にとって、より安定し、平和で、繁栄する地域であるアジアにおける多くの歴史的な出来事を目にすることになろう。
Neither leader is constrained by traditional expectations that might doom their teams to try the exact same approach as in the past, with no expectation of anything but the same failed outcome. Instead, President Trump and Chairman Kim have decided to pursue a top-down approach with a breadth of actions that – if successful – will fundamentally transform relations between our two countries. In the process of that transformation, we could see a historic set of events in the region that would help establish a more stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia for this generation and for many to come.
・政権交替の際にオバマはトランプに北朝鮮の核ミサイルは米国にとってさらに大きな脅威となると言った。
・その時、朝鮮半島における紛争は差し迫った状況にあり、2017年は取り分けそうであった。
・北朝鮮の核･ミサイル実験による挑発、そして国連安保理制裁がそれをエスカレートさせた。
It is well known that during the presidential transition after the 2016 election, then-President Obama impressed upon President-elect Trump that the number one danger the United States faced in the world was the burgeoning nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missile programs of North Korea. From that briefing it sounded as if the possibility of conflict on the Korean Peninsula was imminent, and for much of 2017 it seemed that that just might be so. Numerous provocative tests of North Korean ICBMs and ever-larger nuclear weapons caused the escalation of tensions on the Korean Peninsula to their highest level in decades. Tough sanctions were imposed upon North Korea by the United Nations Security Council, and threats and counter threats were hurled between the two countries.
しかし、2017年末、何かが変わりだした。南北朝鮮間の静かな対話が冬季五輪で南北統一チームを結成するという突破口を作り、それに続き板門店で北南首脳会談が開催された。
Yet by the end of 2017 something began to shift. Quiet outreach between the two Koreas led to a breakthrough moment of a joint Korean Olympic team participating at the Winter Olympics, followed by a face-to-face meeting between North and South leaders at Panmunjom Village in the demilitarized zone.
ちょうどその頃、トランプ大統領は、米国の政府関係者に外交関係を前進させる可能性を探るために北朝鮮のカウンターパートと直接交渉することを認めた。トランプ大統領は、金委員長との指導者レベルの会談を2018年、シンガポールで行うという、太っ腹で度胸のある決断をした。
Around the same time, President Trump authorized American officials to engage directly with counterparts in North Korea in search of a diplomatic path forward. President Trump then made a bold and courageous decision to engage directly at the leader level with Chairman Kim at the Singapore summit in 2018. The course chosen by President Trump last year to engage directly with Chairman Kim interrupted the trajectory toward possible conflict.
私たちは、北朝鮮のカウンターパートと我々が－同時並行的に－推し進める朝米共同声明に盛り込まれた全ての約束について、北朝鮮がFFVDの約束を履行した際に提供される朝鮮の人々の明るい未来のための計画、制裁が解除されることで開く新たな機会、平和な朝鮮半島について、疎通をし合った。
For our part, we have communicated to our North Korean counterparts that we are prepared to pursue – simultaneously and in parallel – all of the commitments our two leaders made in their joint statement at Singapore last summer, along with planning for a bright future for the Korean people and the new opportunities that will open when sanctions are lifted and the Korean Peninsula is at peace, provided that North Korea likewise fulfills its commitment to final, fully verified denuclearization.
米国と北朝鮮が外交的なイニシアティブを開始することには多くの挑戦があり、複雑であった。両国の体制がとても異なるからということは、いくら言っても言いすぎではない。両国関係は60年以上、停戦あるいは休戦状態に置かれていた。両国は地理的にも異なる場所に位置し、歴史も大変違う。両国は個人の権利と人権について劇的に異なる見解を持っている。そして、こうした持続する現実が、世界観、地域観、お互いに対する認識において大きな違いを形成した。また、我々は貿易関係、外交関係もなく、事実上、直接疎通する能力もない。
There are many challenges that make it especially complicated for the United States and North Korea to embark upon a diplomatic initiative of this magnitude. It is an understatement to say that our two systems are very different. Our relations are predicated on an armistice – or a ceasefire – that has been in place now for more than six decades. We are located in very different parts of the world with very different histories. We have dramatically different views on individual rights and on human rights. And those enduring realities have formed different worldviews about the region and about each other. We also have no trade of any sort, no diplomatic relations, and virtually no ability to communicate directly with one another.
こうした障害にもかかわらず、我々は何ヶ月も交渉を維持することに努力してきているわけであるが、これはトランプ大統領の声と書かれた言葉で金委員長と北朝鮮指導部に対する信頼と確信を表明する肯定的なメッセージを送り続けるという個人的な決断によるものである。
And yet despite these many obstacles, we have managed to sustain engagement now for many months, largely due to the personal determination of President Trump and his consistent willingness to use voice and written word to send positive messages of trust and confidence to Chairman Kim and the North Korean leadership.
シンガポール朝米会談以降、米国は北朝鮮とコンスタントに接触を続けてきている。7月に、ポムペオ長官が訪朝し金ヨンチョルと会談し、9月には国連総会の場で李ヨンホ外相と会い、そして10月には平壌で金委員長、妹の金ヨジョン、そして再び金ヨンチョルと会っている。
Since President Trump’s summit with Chairman Kim in Singapore, the United States has remained in steady contact with North Korea. In July, shortly after the groundbreaking summit in Singapore, Secretary of State Pompeo made a follow-up visit to Pyongyang, where he met on extended – for an extended period with Kim Yong Chol, one of Chairman Kim’s closest advisors and most senior officials. In September, Secretary of State Pompeo met at the United Nations General Assembly in New York City with North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho. In October, the Secretary traveled to Pyongyang, where we met with Chairman Kim, with his sister and close advisor Kim Yo Jong, and again with Kim Yong Chol.
金委員長の今年の」「新年の辞」では、非核化と経済近代化の約束が再確認された。その後、1週間以内に、ポムペオ長官はワシントンで金ヨンチョル一行を迎えた。金ヨンチョルの訪問はたった10日前のことであったが、この訪問で多くの未解決の問題が話し合われ、トランプ大統領の執務室における1時間の会談で、第2回朝米首脳会談実現へ向けての動きが始まった。
A New Year’s speech by Chairman Kim at the beginning of this year reaffirmed his commitment to both denuclearization and economic modernization. Less than three weeks after, Secretary of State Pompeo hosted a senior North Korean delegation in Washington, D.C., led by Kim Yong Chol. This visit, which was just 10 days ago, allowed us to cover a number of outstanding issues and, during the course of an hour-long Oval Office meeting with President Trump, set in motion plans for a second summit between President Trump and Chairman Kim.
あまり気付かれていないがとても重要なことは、私が新たに任命されたカウンターパートである金ヒョクチョル大使と初めての拡大実務レベル会談を行ったことである。この会談では、結果指向的な生産的な話し合いを行い、今後の総括的な事務レベル協議のための計画の第一歩を描いた。我々は会談の結果に満足しており、とても近い将来、我々は朝米共同声明の全ての要素を前進させるための具体的な計画を推し進める予定である。
Less noticed but nonetheless very important, I also had the opportunity during that visit to hold a first extended working-level discussion with my newly appointed North Korean counterpart, Ambassador Kim Hyok Chol. In our meeting, we had a discussion that was productive, focused, results-oriented, and it laid out the first steps in a plan for comprehensive working-level negotiations ahead. We were satisfied with the outcome of the visit, and in the very near future we’ll be pursuing concrete plans to advance all of the elements of the Singapore joint statement.
・北朝鮮問題に関する多くの国に対する外交努力もしてきた。
Over the past many months, not only the President and the Secretary of State, but also the Vice President, National Security Advisor, and other administration senior officials have continuously pressed the goals of our North Korea diplomacy with our friends, partners, and allies around the world, including at the United Nations, at the APEC Summit, at the ASEAN Regional Forum, at the East Asia Summit, at the G20 Summit, and in the many bilateral meetings with counterparts around the world. The skilled and seasoned diplomatic team that I have the privilege to lead at the Department of State has likewise built and maintained the support of partners, friends, and allies around the world to our approach, giving a strong backbone to our diplomacy.
私がこの職責に就任してから5ヶ月であるが、その間、米国との外交に努める、金委員長から新たに任命されたカウンタパートに至るまで、異なるレベルの多くの北朝鮮関係者と会う機会を持った。
For my part, I have now been in this position for five months. During that time, I’ve had the opportunity to meet every North Korean official at every level with whom the United States will be engaged in this diplomatic , from Chairman Kim to my newly appointed counterpart.
過去5ヶ月間、私は北朝鮮をへの1度の訪問、複数回の韓国への訪問、2回の日本訪問、2回の中国訪問、2回のロシア訪問をした。先週には、ワシントンに中国代表団とロシア代表団がやって来た。中国とロシアとは、北朝鮮半島（訳者：ママ）の非核化と朝鮮半島の恒久的な平和確立に関する協力の約束をした。
In the past five months, I have traveled a lot, with a trip to North Korea, multiple trips to South Korea, two trips to Japan, two to China, two to Russia. In the past week, my team had the opportunity to play host to visits in Washington, D.C., led by delegations – my Chinese counterpart and my Russian counterpart. With both China and Russia, there is the promise of cooperation on the denuclearization of the North Korea peninsula and the establishment of a lasting peace on the peninsula.
・北朝鮮は地域の問題だけではなく、同盟国や世界の友好国にとっても重要な問題である。
・10日ほど前、我々のチームは、スウェーデンのカウンターパートが開催した北朝鮮問題について極めて利用価値が高く有益な国際会議に米国、韓国、北朝鮮代表と共に参加した。
North Korea is not just a regional issue, but one of importance to our allies and partners around the world. We meet regularly with the British, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian counterparts, who have been a critical part of our global efforts and our pressure campaign. Last fall, we had the opportunity to lay out our strategic vision to our NATO allies at the North Atlantic Council and our partners in the European Union at the Political Security Committee (sic). The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs generously hosted a quad meeting that included my senior counterparts from Britain and Germany. And finally, a week and a half ago, our team had the opportunity to attend an extremely useful and informative international conference on North Korea hosted by my counterpart in Sweden, with American, South Korean, and North Korean participation.
外交の目的が、多くの会議をすることではないことは当然である。会議の目的は結果と進展をもたらすことである。
Of course, the purpose of diplomacy is not more meetings. The purpose of the meetings is to produce outcomes and progress.
北朝鮮と我々は指導者間、高官間で進行を築いてきた。我々は両国政府が外交関係を進展するために努力してきたことを目にした。我々は、より継続的なパターンでの疎通ができることを見出した。もちろん、時として挑戦にも直面するが、長年の中で両国が最も集中的に疎通している。
Over the fall, we and North Korea have gained familiarity among our leaders and our senior officials. We have seen both governments create dedicated positions to advance their diplomacy. We have found a more consistent pattern of communications, though still challenged at times, but the most intensive between our two countries in many years.
・これからやることは多いが、これまでに達成した進捗も無視してはならない。その一つとして、北朝鮮に抑留されている米国人はいない。･･･1年前（訳注：2017年のことのはず）にはそんなことを考える人はいなかったであろう。
While there is still much work to do, we should also not ignore the progress we have made to date. For one, there are no American citizens wrongfully detained today in North Korea. In fact, last fall an American citizen crossed illegally into North Korea on foot from China. Shortly after that, the North Koreans informed us that this person had been detained, interrogated, judged to not pose a threat, and would be expelled from North Korea. Aided by Sweden, our consular protecting power in Pyongyang, this American citizen was on a plane and back in the United States in time for Thanksgiving. I do not need to tell anyone who follows North Korea closely that one year ago this sequence of events could have played out in a very different manner.
人々が不法入国した際、ある国の政府が（その人を拘束するのは）普通のことである。しかし、北朝鮮と米国では、普通がほとんど規範とされてこなかった。
It is possible to read too much into something like this, as this was simply the normal action, one that governments around the world take on a daily basis as people enter countries illegally. But with North Korea and the United States, normal has rarely been the norm.
12月にポムペオ長官の指示で、米国と北朝鮮で活動する人道援助グループが一緒になり、北朝鮮の人々に対する合法的人道援助を提供するための基準を緩和した。我々は今、国連制裁監視委員会に累積した援助認可書類を通過させる作業を急いでいる。同時に、昨年秋に北朝鮮に不法に入国した米国人に対して北朝鮮が一般的な取り扱いをしたという確信から、人道援助プログラムの実施とモニターのために訪朝する米国人の旅行申請許可をより好意的に行っている。
In December, at the direction of Secretary of State Pompeo, the United States, working together with humanitarian aid groups operating in North Korea, eased rules on the delivery of legitimate humanitarian assistance to the people of North Korea. We are now making quick progress, clearing a backlog of approvals that had accumulated at the United Nations sanctions review committee. At the same time, with the confidence that we gained from the normal treatment of the U.S. citizen who illegally entered North Korea last fall, we have also more favorably reviewed requests for travel exemptions for American citizens for purposes of implementing and monitoring these humanitarian aid programs.
・シンガポール朝米会談の成果として、55体の遺骨が返還された。
In another area of progress since the Singapore summit, the United States and North Korea have cooperated on the return of 55 sets of human remains believed to be those of Americans who fell in the Korean War on the battlefields of North Korea more than 60 years ago. The painstaking work of identifying those remains is under way by the Department of Defense. And just last week, we saw another set of remains confirmed and identified to be those of Frank Julius Suliman, age 20, from Nixon, New Jersey. Sergeant Suliman perished in North Korea in a POW camp at the age of 20 in the bloom of his life.
・米国務省は北朝鮮軍とさらない遺骨の発掘、返還について協議をしている。
・我々は、遺骨の発掘が、すさまじい戦争の傷を最終的に癒やすのに近づく一歩となることを臨んでいる。
The Department of Defense is currently in discussion with the North Korean military on plans for ambitious recovery excavations at the site of some of the Korean War’s bloodiest and most costly battles. With more than 5,000 fallen Americans still unaccounted for from the Korean War, President Trump is committed to press for closure for every American family. It is our hope that the progress in remains recovery will take us a step closer to finally healing the wounds of that terrible war.
・南北間に多くの人的交流、人道支援、鉄道･道路連結計画があり、それが実施できていないことも知っている。そうした計画は、制裁解除、朝鮮半島の恒久的など、非核化によりもたらされるものである。
On the Korean Peninsula, we are seeing a level of cooperation between the North and South that has been absent for a decade and a half and perhaps exceeds any undertaken in the past. In addition to multiple summits between the leaders of South and North Korea, dozens of inter-Korean projects have been undertaken, including people-to-people exchanges, humanitarian assistance, and major surveys of peninsular rail and road infrastructure that both advance and tantalize the potential for economic cooperation that would flow from denuclearization, the lifting of sanctions, and the establishment of a lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula.
・南北の軍は、国連司令部と共に、非武装地帯における多くの信頼･安全造成措置を取っている。まだやるべき事はたくさんあるが、初めて非武装地帯が実際に非武装になった。
The militaries of the North and South together, working through and with the United Nations Command and U.S. Forces Korea, have embarked upon a number of confidence and security building measures that have lowered the threat level and tensions at the Demilitarized Zone. And while there is still much that remains left to do, for the first time in my lifetime the Demilitarized Zone is actually being demilitarized.
・12月に板門店に行ったが、驚くほど変わっていた。たった一つの武器も見ることがなかった。
I made my most recent visit to Panmunjom Village just before Christmas last year. It was quiet and peaceful, with the restoration of regular communications between the two sides of the border. Not a weapon was to be seen. Not even a sidearm. What an amazing difference from one year ago, when frontline troops on both sides were prepared for imminent conflict.
・最後に、そして最も重要なことであるが、我々の外交の中心的課題である北朝鮮FFDVについていくらかの進展を見ることできている。我々には、現時点よりもさらなる進展が必要であるが、過去6ヶ月間でいくらかの進展があり、さらなる進展が見込まれている。北朝鮮が挑発的な核実験を行ってから400日が経過した。昨年1年間、北朝鮮はトンチャンリとプンゲリの核･ミサイル実験場をを破棄･解体するための予備的な措置を取った。
Last and most important, we’ve also made some progress on addressing the central issue of our diplomatic engagement: the final, fully verified denuclearization of North Korea. While we would want to be much farther along, and while – than where we currently are, we have made some progress over the last six months with expectations of more to come. It has been more than 400 days since North Korea has undertaken a provocative test of missiles or nuclear weapons. Over the past year, North Korea has taken preliminary steps to dismantle and destroy the test sites used for these missile and nuclear tests: Tongchang-ri and Punggye-ri.
平壌での北南首脳会談では、金委員長が完全なトンチャンリの解体と破壊を確認するために海外の専門家がアクセスさせることを約束した。10月に国務長官が平壌を訪問した際、金委員長は米国の専門家にプンゲリの完全解体を米国の専門家に確認させることを約束した
At the last North-South summit in Pyongyang, Chairman Kim committed to allow access for international experts to verify the complete dismantlement and destruction of Tongchang-ri. During the Secretary of State’s October meetings in Pyongyang, Chairman Kim likewise committed to invite American experts to ensure the complete destruction of Punggye-ri.
こうした実験場は北朝鮮の核･ミサイル計画において核心的なものではないが、10年間、国際的な査察が1度も行われなかった事を勘案すれば、こうした動きは非核化プロセスへの信頼を与えることに必要な両国の新たな協力のステップである。我々は、間もなく北朝鮮のカウンターパートとこれら2つの実験場に関する金委員長のあり方について協議する。
While these sites are not critical parts of the current North Korean missile or nuclear programs, after an interlude of 10 years in which no international inspections of any kind have occurred, they represent a step in the right direction for our two countries to renew cooperation on the steps necessary to give confidence to the process of denuclearization. We will soon be in discussion with our North Korean counterparts on the modalities to follow through on Chairman Kim’s commitment for both of these sites.
トンチャンリとプンゲリの約束に加え、金委員長はまた、前述の平壌首脳会談での共同宣言と10月の米国務長官の訪朝の際、北朝鮮のプルトニウムとウラン濃縮施設を破棄・解体することを約束した。寧辺にあるこの一連の施設は、北朝鮮のプルトニウム再処理とウラン濃縮計画の代表的なものである。
In addition to the commitments on Tongchang-ri and Punggye-ri, Chairman Kim also committed, in both the joint statement from the aforementioned Pyongyang summit as well as during the Secretary of State’s October meetings in Pyongyang, to the dismantlement and destruction of North Korea’s plutonium and uranium enrichment facilities. This complex of sites that extends beyond Yongbyon represents the totality of North Korea’s plutonium reprocessing and uranium enrichment programs.
金委員長は、米国の相応措置に対して、北朝鮮のプルトニウムとウラン濃縮施設における次のステップを取ることを認めた。具体的にそうした措置が何なのかは、私がカウンターパートとの次回の会談で話し合う内容である。我々の側からは、両国間の信頼を構築し前進させるという、シンガポール首脳会談での目的である新たな関係への転換、朝鮮半島における恒久的平和の構築、完全な非核化と並行するものである。
Chairman Kim qualified next steps on North Korea’s plutonium and uranium enrichment facilities upon the United States taking corresponding measures. Exactly what these measures are are a matter I plan to discuss with my North Korean counterpart during our next set of meetings. From our side, we are prepared to discuss many actions that could help build trust between our two countries and advance further progress in parallel on the Singapore summit objectives of transforming relations, establishing a permanent peace regime on the peninsula, and complete denuclearization.
最後にそして重要なことであるが、北朝鮮はプルトニウムとウラン濃縮施設の解体･破壊の約束をする際、「そしてさらに」という重要な言葉を付け加えた。まだまだたくさんの施設があるのでシンガポール会談での完全な非核化をするためには、こうした施設に続く措置が取られることは重要である。
Finally and importantly, in describing to us their commitment to dismantle and destroy their plutonium and uranium enrichment facilities, the North Koreans have also added the critical words “and more.” This is essential, as there is more – much more – to do beyond these facilities to follow through on the Singapore summit commitment to complete denuclearization.
北朝鮮の非核化プロセス完了前に、我々は北朝鮮の大量破壊ミサイル兵器計画について完全に把握しなければならない。我々は完全な非核化の過程でそこに至るであろう。我々は、国際基準に基づく鍵となる施設への専門家のアクセスとモニタリングについて合意しなければならない。そして最終的には、我々は核物質、兵器、ミサイル、発射台、そしてその他の大量破壊兵器の山の排除と解体を確認する必要がある。
Before the process of denuclearization can be final, we must also have a complete understanding of the full extent of the North Korean weapons of mass destruction missile programs. We will get that at some point through a comprehensive declaration. We must reach agreement on expert access and monitoring mechanisms of key sites to international standards. And ultimately, we need to ensure the removal and destruction of stockpiles of fissile material, weapons, missiles, launchers, and other weapons of mass destruction.
そして、こうしたこと全ては、事務レベル協議のロードマップに記されなければならない。そしてそれは、根本的に米朝関係を転換させ、朝鮮半島に平和－恒久的平和－を構築するためは、必要条件となる。トランプ大統領は、北朝鮮は金委員長が完全な非核化の約束を守るのであれば、米国はそれ以前に可能と思われることを相応に提供することを明確にしている。
All of this must be addressed in a roadmap of working-level negotiations that will be essential if we are to put in place the necessary conditions to fundamentally transform U.S.-North Korean relations and establish a peace – a permanent peace – on the Korean Peninsula. And President Trump has made clear that should North Korea follow through on Chairman Kim’s commitment to complete denuclearization, the United States will in return exceed anything previously thought possible.
これまでの進展に基づき、我々は次にどこに向かうのか。前述したように、トランプ大統領と金委員長は、2月末に2回目の首脳会談を持つ。トランプ大統領は北朝鮮と我々チームに対して重大で検証可能な非核化の進展、幅が広く現実的な行動を次回の首脳会談で約束することに期待していると明らかにした。
So, with the progress made so far, what remains is where we go next. As I have mentioned, President Trump and Chairman Kim will meet at a second summit at the end of February. President Trump has made clear both to North Korea as well as to our team that he expects significant and verifiable progress on denuclearization, actions that are bold and real, to emerge from that next summit.
我々は、北朝鮮のカウンターパートと首脳会談を前に具体的成果、交渉のロードマップ、交渉のロードマップと今後の非核化に関する宣言、共同の努力に対する共通理解に関する事務レベル協議を持つ予定である。それは、昨年シンガポールで大筋のビジョンを出した2人の指導者に対する我々の責任である。我々はまた、朝鮮半島の人々に対しての責任もある。
We expect to hold working-level negotiations with our North Korean counterparts in advance of the summit, with the intention of achieving a set of concrete deliverables, a roadmap of negotiations, and declaration – a roadmap of negotiations and declarations going forward, and a shared understanding of the desired outcomes of our joint efforts. We have that responsibility to our two leaders, who laid out a bold vision when they met in Singapore last year. We also have that responsibility to the people of the Korean Peninsula.
・トランプ大統領が金委員長とシンガポールで会談した際、金委員長に北朝鮮の経済発展の大きな可能性のビジョンを示した。
When President Trump met with Chairman Kim in Singapore, he showed him a vision of what robust economic development could mean for North Korea. This bright future, driven by investment, external engagement, and trade and built with the incredible resources of the Korean Peninsula is also part of our strategy to plan for success. At the appropriate time, with the completion of denuclearization, we are prepared to explore with North Korea and many other countries the best way to mobilize investment, improve infrastructure, enhance food security, and drive a level of economic engagement that will allow the North Korean people to fully share in the rich future of their Asian neighbors. This prosperity, along with the denuclearization and peace, lies at the core of President Trump’s vision for U.S.-North Korea relations.
2年間で米朝間において多くの知らなかったことが分かった。シンガポール首脳会談以来、多くのことが分かった。ここ数ヶ月で多くのことが分かり、これからさらに多くのことが起こるであろう。我々は、これまでにしてきた以上の仕事がこの先にある。
Much has transpired over the past two years between the United States and North Korea. Much has transpired since the Singapore summit. Much has transpired in just the past month, and much has yet to happen. I think it’s fair to say that we have more work ahead of us than we do behind us.
既に述べたように、米国の北朝鮮政策は、FFVDの基礎の上にある。これは、WMD、運搬手段、生産手段の完全な除去を意味している。しかし同時に強調しておきたいことは、トランプ大統領のビジョンは、昨年のシンガポール会談で提示されたものも含み、米朝関係の転換、米朝関係の樹立、朝鮮半島の平和体制構築などさらにある。トランプ大統領は、朝鮮半島、北東アジア、そして世界のさらに明るく安全な未来を信じている。
As I have mentioned already, United States policy toward North Korea stands on the foundation of final, fully verified denuclearization. This means the elimination of all weapons of mass destruction, their means of delivery, and the means to produce them. But I also want to say again, emphatically, that President Trump’s vision is also much, much more, including, as outlined in Singapore last summer, the transformation of U.S.-North Korea relations and the establishment of a permanent peace on the Korean Peninsula. The President believes in a bright and more secure future for all the people of the Korean Peninsula, in Northeast Asia, and the world.
失敗は選択肢ではないと言うことは言い古さた表現であるが、それは失敗は結果ではなく選択であることを示している。私は全てが失敗に導く多くの方法に意図的に注目していない。25年の外交の歴史が示しているように、それらは数え切れないほどある。我々は外交が失敗したときに備える必要があり、我々はその準備をしている。しかし、我々は失敗を避けることを目標としており、転換された平和な朝鮮半島は米国、北朝鮮、そして多くの国々にとって肯定的な選択である。米国はその選択をした。
It is a cliche to say that failure is not an option, but that suggests that failure is a choice rather than a consequence. I have intentionally not focused on the many ways that this could all fail. As the diplomatic record of the past 25 years shows, they are too numerous to count. We need to have contingencies if the diplomatic process fails, which we do. But if we are to avoid failure, it will take the United States, North Korea, and many other nations to make the affirmative choice for a transformed and peaceful Korean Peninsula. The United States has made that choice.
・米国は、トランプ大統領と金委員長の約束を現実にする準備ができている。
It is the promise of closing the door on 70 years of war and hostility on the Korean Peninsula that led President Trump to Singapore last year. His relentless pursuit of that goal has created the space to achieve everything I’ve discussed today. Now is the opportunity. Now is the moment. The United States is ready to turn the vision outlined by President Trump and Chairman Kim at Singapore into reality. Thank you. (Applause.)
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訳出するのに時間がかかったが、なかなかの名演説だ。ビーガンは8日現在、平壌に滞在して北朝鮮と協議をしているが、上に述べた前提は既に北朝鮮に伝わっており、それを受けて朝米間の協議が進展しているのであれば、第2回朝米会談ではかなり具体的な合意が得られるものとみられる。
核ミサイル関連の言及意外で注目しているのは、「朝米間の体制の違い」を事実上認めている点である。これは非常に重要で、北朝鮮が非民主的な独裁国家で、人民を抑圧しているという従来の前提では、「非核化を目標とした」朝米会談は進展しない。ビーガンは、「非常に異なっている」という表現を使いながら、異なる体制の共存を暗示しており、体制転換を嫌う北朝鮮としては、必ずこの点に注目しているはずである。
今日午後は、某研究所が主催する北朝鮮関連シンポジウムに参席する予定である。米国からの報告者もいるので、機会があれば色々と質問してみたい。
